Affirmative & Negative Agreement, Negation, Commands

- Affirmative Agreement

Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata “so”atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so” dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:

Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari “to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).

Contohnya:

1.     I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.

2.    You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.

Affirmative statement (be) + and + [ S + verb (be) + too]

Contoh kalimat:

1.     Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.

2.    I am sick, and He is too.

3.    Our class is clean, and so are theirs.

4.    Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.

5.    My hand writing is bad, and so are you.

- Negative Agreement

“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata “Either”dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja).

Contohnya:

1.  I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.

2.  I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.

Negative statement + and + Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either/Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject

 - Negation

To make a sentence negative, add the negative particle not after the auxiliary or verb be. If there is no auxiliary or be, add the appropriate form of do, does, or did and place in word not after that.

e.g.

John is rich                  John is not rich

Mark has seen Bill       Mark has not seen Bill

The following examples contain no auxiliary and thus use do, does, or did.

e.g.

Marvin likes spinach   Marvin does not like spinach

They went to class      They did not go to class

Some/any

If there is a noun in the complement of a negative sentence, one should add the particle any before the noun.

Some               affirmative sentences

Any                 negative sentences and question

e.g. John has some money

John doesn’t have any money

Hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, etc.

Remember that in an English sentence it is usually incorrect to have two negatives together. This is called a double negative and is not acceptable in standard English. The following words have a negative meaning and, thus, must be used with a positive verb

Hardly                                     almost nothing

Barely              mean                              or

Scarcely                                   almost not at all

Rarely       

Seldom           mean                almost never

Hardly ever

e.g.

She scarcely remembers the accident (she almost doesn’t remember the accident)

We seldom see phone of these animals (we almost never see photos of these animals)

- Commands

A command is an imperative statement. One person orders another to do something. It can be preceded by please. The understood subject is you. Use the simple form of the verb.

Close the door                         leave the room

Please turn off the light                      Open your book

Negative commands: A negative command is formed by adding the word don’t before the verb.

Don’t close the door

Please don’t turn off the light

Indirect commands: Usually the verbs order, ask, tell, or say are used to indicate an indirect command. They are followed by the infinitive (to + verb).

Jack asked Jill to turn off the light

The policeman ordered the suspect to be quite

Negative Indirect commands: to make an indirect command negative, add the particle not before the infinitive.

                        Subject + verb + complement + not + (verb in infinitive)

e.g.

The teacher told Christopher not to open the window

Please tell Jeime not to leave the room.

Exercise:

1.          Rose likes to fly, and her brother does too.

2.          They will leave at noon, and I will too.

3.          He has an early appointment, and so do I.

4.          She has already written her composition, and so have her friends.

5.          Their plane is arriving at nine o’clock, and so is mine.

6.          The children shouldn’t take that medicine, and neither should she.

7.          We don’t plan to attend the concert, and neither do they.

8.          I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t either.

9.          They won’t have to work on weekends, and we won’t either.

10.      That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and neither are her supervisors

Source:

http://azharibrianaristya.blogspot.com/

http://fnflife.blogspot.com/2010/07/affirmative-negative-aggrement.html