kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya
dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian,
sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di
majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena
object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan
dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active
: We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive:
The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive
voice
Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice.
Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object
pronoun ‘us’.
Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized)
pada passive voice.
Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah
tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan
pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object
dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object
biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past
perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu
menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya
akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada
poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola
sebagai berikut:
Subject
+ be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tenses
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive
voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
· Active :
He meets them everyday.
· Passive :
They are met by him everyday.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive
voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
· Active :
He met them yesterday
· Passive :
They were met by him yesterday
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have,
sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
· Active :
He has met them
· Passive :
They have been met by him
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive
voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi
had been
Contoh:
· Active :
He had met them before I came.
· Passive :
They had been met by him before I came.
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive
voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
· Active :
He will meet them tomorrow.
· Passive :
They will be met by him tomorrow.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive
voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga
menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
· Active :
He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
· Passive :
They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have,
sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
· Active :
He would have met them.
· Passive :
They would have been met by him.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
· Active :
He is meeting them now.
· Passive :
They are being met by him now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
· Active :
He was meeting them.
· Passive :
They were being met by him.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
· Active :
He has been meeting them.
· Passive :
They have been being met by him.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
· Active :
He had been meeting them.
· Passive :
They had been being met by him.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
· Active :
He will be meeting them.
· Passive :
They will be being met by him.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
. Active :
He would be meeting them.
. Passive :
They would be being met by him.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active :
He will have been meeting them.
· Passive :
They will have been being met by him.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active :
He would be meeting them.
· Passive :
They would be being met by him.
exercise :
1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his
friend right on his nose.
2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the
Saudi Arabian team.
3. These plants were watered by my sister a few
minutes ago.
4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by
Yeyes.
5. English is studied by all high school students.
Causative Have
bentuk aktif dan bentuk pasif
Have bentuk aktif.
rumusnya : Subject + have/has/had + Object1 + V1 + Object2
Dalam Causative have bentuk aktif ini, akan ada subjek dan
2buah objek, objek yang pertama adalah orang/benda hidup yang akan disuruh dan
yang kedua adalah benda matinya.
Contohnya:
1. I have the mechanic repair my car.
(saya menyuruh montir memperbaiki mobil saya.)
Disini “I” sebagai subjeknya, dan “the mechanic” sebagai
objek pertamanya yang disuruh oleh si “I”, dan “my car” adalah objek
keduanya(benda mati).
2. Mother has her son do homework.
(Ibu menyuruh anaknya mengerjakan PR.)
3. She has her friend take her book.
(dia menyuruh temannya mengambil bukunya.)
Exercise :
1. We had our treasury Bought our new books yesterday.
2. She has her mom cooked dinner for her.
3. He had his
brother done his homework last night .
4. Tom is having
Bill written the report at the moment.
5. Mike has Jenni saved
his data.
Source:
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